Audio EQ vs. Audio Filters: An Unbiased Comparison

Equalization (EQ) and Filtering have become common terms in the sound industry, but not everyone understands the differences between them. Both tools are used to modify the characteristics of a sound, but their approach and application differ. In this post, we will discuss the differences between these tools and when to use them.

Audio EQ

EQ allows us to boost, cut or balance specific frequency ranges in a sound source. It is useful when we want to add more energy to a track, remove unwanted frequencies, or create a particular sound. The EQ tool processes the audio signal by modifying the amplitude of frequencies in a chosen range.

Types of EQ

There are several types of EQ, such as graphic EQ, parametric EQ, and shelving EQ. Graphic EQ uses a set of fixed frequency bands with volume control. Parametric EQ allows us to adjust the frequency range, bandwidth, and amplitude of each band. Shelving EQ is used to boost or cut frequencies above or below a specified frequency, useful in tonal balance adjustments.

Pros and Cons of Audio EQ

Pros:

• Precise control of frequency range
• Can boost or cut specific frequencies
• Can change the tonal balance of the sound

Cons:

• Changes the phase of the sound wave
• Can create artifacts or add noise to the source
• Can be time-consuming

Audio Filters

Audio Filters, on the other hand, are used to remove specific frequencies or frequency ranges. They work by passing signals through a filter circuit that lowers or eliminates unwanted frequencies. Audio Filters are useful when we want to reduce ambient noise, such as traffic, sirens, or hiss.

Types of Filters

Filters come in different types such as High-Pass Filter, Low-Pass Filter, Band-Pass Filter, and Notch Filter. High-Pass Filter attenuates low frequencies below a chosen frequency, while Low-Pass Filter attenuates high frequencies above a chosen frequency. Band-Pass Filter is used to boost or cut frequencies within a specified range. Notch Filter is useful when we want to remove a narrow frequency range, usually used to eliminate hum or buzz.

Pros and Cons of Audio Filters

Pros:

• Minimizes noise and interferences
• Can eliminate unwanted frequencies
• Preserves the phase of the sound wave

Cons:

• Removes frequencies indiscriminately
• Can limit the dynamic range
• Can introduce artifacts or distortion

Conclusion

Both Audio EQ and Audio Filters are essential tools in the sound production process. EQ can be used to modify specific frequencies within a sound, while Filters are used to remove unwanted frequencies. EQ tools are precise and complex, while Filters are simpler to use. Knowing the differences between Audio EQ and Audio Filters is vital in understanding how they work and when to use them.

References

• McIntyre, R. (2011). The Effects of Equalization in Sound Reinforcement. [online] ProSoundWeb. Available at: https://www.prosoundweb.com/the-effects-of-equalization-in-sound-reinforcement/ [Accessed 20 Sep. 2021].
• Neve, R.G. (1977). Audio Filters. Waltham, MA: Ross Engineering Corp.